Evaluación piloto de la reducción de niveles séricos de productos de glicación avanzada (AGEs) sobre la electrofisiología de la visión, en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Pilot evaluation of the serum levels reduction of advanced glication products (AGEs) on the vision electrophysiology in type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND: Diabetic vascular complications are associated with elevated concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). These substances can be originated endogenously by hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress, but also by dietary intake. There is indirect evidence suggesting that these complications can be prevented by lowering AGEs levels by dietary or pharmacological interventions, however its clinical benefits are still not clear enough because this would require long periods of treatment. Specific neuro-ophthalmologic tests like Multifocal Electroretinogram (MFERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) can detect retinal and myelinic nerve early changes, and thus could represent good methods to study the results of certain interventions in shorter lapses. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effects of a pharmacological intervention designed to lower AGEs levels, on these variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 7 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2), with more than 5 and less than 10 years of disease, without clinically evident micro and macrovascular disease, without renal failure, hypothyroidism nor vitamin B12 deficiency, whose AGEs dietary intake was moderately elevated or high (according to dietary recalls). Upon admission, a clinical evaluation, urine and blood samples were obtained for routine labs, plus ultrasensitive C Reactive Protein (usCRP) as an inflammatory marker, and carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) as representative of AGEs. Then a complete ophthalmologic evaluation was performed, including fundus, MFERG and VEP. After the initial evaluation, placebo capsules were prescribed (12 daily capsules, 4 with each main meal) during 3 months, repeating the same initial evaluation at completion of this period. Then the active treatment followed, with capsules containing cholestyramine (4 capsules containing 500 mg each, totaling 6 g per day). Patients were cited each month, to register adverse events and repeating the same evaluation after this second 3 months period. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 2 male patients, mean age was 55.1 ± 3.8 years, and diabetes was managed with metformin plus other oral agents or o insulin (4 cases). In addition, 4 patients received lipid lowering and 4 antihypertensive drugs. Metabolic control and lipid levels were variable (ranges of HbA1c 6.2-8.4%, LDL cholesterol 45-141 mg/dL, triglycerides 70-220 mg/dL). AGEs levels represented by CML were highly variable (median 31.7, range min-max 3.4-58.9 ug/uL). Basal usCRP was also variable (median 405.9, range min-max 265.6-490.7 mg/L). The treatment was well tolerated, except for mild constipation associated with cholestiramine intake. No significant changes in electroretinography or evoked potentials were observed when comparing the initial placebo period with cholestyramine treatment. A significant increase in triglyceride levels and decrease of vitamin D levels after cholestyramine treatment was observed. No changes were detected in serum concentrations of CML, usCRP or glycemic control, after treatment. The latter variables were not correlated with neurophthalmologic studies. DISCUSSION: In this preliminary study we did not observe changes in MFERG nor VEP after 6 g/day cholestyramine treatment, which did not induce lowering of CML levels. This could be attributed to the many limitations of a pilot study, such as a small sample size, short duration of treatment, reduced doses. However this design allowed to evaluate the patients´ tolerance to the drug and rule out adverse effects, in order to plan further studies using the necessary doses to obtain lowering of AGEs

Acute stress-induced antinociception is cGMP-dependent but heme oxygenase-independent

Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), which is produced by the enzyme heme oxygenase (HO), participates as a neuromodulator in physiological processes such as thermoregulation and nociception by stimulating the formation of 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In particular, the acute physical restraint-induced fever of rats can be blocked by inhibiting the enzyme HO. A previous study reported that the HO-CO-cGMP pathway plays a key phasic antinociceptive role in modulating noninflammatory acute pain. Thus, this study evaluated the involvement of the HO-CO-cGMP pathway in antinociception induced by acute stress in male Wistar rats (250-300 g; n=8/group) using the analgesia index (AI) in the tail flick test. The results showed that antinociception induced by acute stress was not dependent on the HO-CO-cGMP pathway, as neither treatment with the HO inhibitor ZnDBPG nor heme-lysinate altered the AI. However, antinociception was dependent on cGMP activity because pretreatment with the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ) blocked the increase in the AI induced by acute stress.

Efectividad de la profilaxis analgésica con clonixinato de lisina en exodoncias: ensayo clínico aleatorio / Effectiveness of preemptive lysine clonixinate in tooth extraction: a randomized controlled trial

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la profilaxis analgésica con dosis únicas de clonixinato de lisina (CL 125mg) en pacientes sometidos a extracciones dentales. Metodología: Ensayo clínico aleatorio, doble enmascaramiento placebo-controlado. Participaron pacientes ASA I y II con indicación de exodoncia dental de servicios públicos en la ciudad de Valdivia-Chile en el mes de octubre del 2012. Se asignó de manera aleatoria dos grupos: un grupo tratamiento quienes recibieron una dosis de 25mg de CL 15 minutos antes de la cirugía; y un grupo control quien recibió un placebo. A ambos grupos se indicó CL como analgésico de rescate. Mediante un cuestionario, los pacientes registraron el grado de dolor a través de una Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) durante primer día en las 7 primeras horas, después de 24 y a las 48 horas posterior a la cirugía. Además, se registró número de cápsulas de CL consumidos como rescate durante 3 días posteriores a la intervención. Se comparó el efecto analgésico observado (EVA) y el número de consumo de analgésicos adicionales entre ambos grupos mediante t-test (p<0,05). Resultados: Cincuenta y cuatro pacientes fueron intervenidos. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones de dolor entre ambos grupos. Los pacientes con profilaxis de CL informaron similar consumo de números de cápsulas de rescate que el grupo control. Conclusión: La profilaxis analgésica con CL no demostró ser más efectiva en la reducción del dolor luego de extracciones dentales en comparación al uso de placebo y dosis postquirúrgicas.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylaxis with single-dose analgesic clonixinate lysine (CL 125 mg) in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Were included in the study patients ASA I and II with dental extraction indication in the city of Valdivia, Chile in October 2012. Were randomly assigned in two groups: the treatment group received a doses of 125mg of CL fifteen minutes before the surgery, and a control group who received placebo. Both groups used a CL as a rescue analgesic. Using a survey, patients reported the degree of pain via a visual analog scale (VAS) during the first day, at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. In addition, registered the number of CL capsules consumed as a ransom for 3 days after the surgery. We compared the analgesic effect observed in (VAS) and the number of additional analgesic consumption between the two groups using t-test (p <0,05). Results: Fifty-four patients were operated and there was no statistically significant difference between the pain scores between the two groups. Premedication patients reported the use of equal number of rescue capsules comparing with the control group. Conclusion: CL analgesic prophylaxis proved no more effective in reducing pain after tooth extraction when comparing to the use of placebo in a postoperative doses.

Lysine clonixinate versus dipyrone (metamizole) for the acute treatment of severe migraine attacks: a single-blind, randomized study / Clonixinato de lisina versus dipirona (metamizol) para o tratamento agudo de uma crise intensa de enxaqueca: estudo monocego e randomizado

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are effective to treat migraine attacks. Lysine clonixinate (LC) and dipyrone (metamizol) have been proven effective to treat acute migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the intravenous formulations of LC and dipyrone in the treatment of severe migraine attacks. METHOD: Thirty patients (28 women, 2 men), aged 18 to 48 years with migraine according the International Headache Society (IHS) (2004) were studied. The patients were randomized into 2 groups when presenting to an emergency department with a severe migraine attack. The study was single-blind. Headache intensity, nausea, photophobia and side effects were evaluated at 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the drug administration. Rectal indomethacin as rescue medication (RM) was available after 2 hours and its use compared between groups. RESULTS: All patients completed the study. At 30 minutes, 0 percent of the dipyrone group 13 percent of the LC group were pain free (p=0.46). At 60 and 90 minutes, 2 (13 percent) and 5 (33 percent) patients from the dipyrone group and 11 (73 percent) and 13 (86.7 percent) patients from the LC group were pain free (p<0.001). At 60 minutes, significantly more patients from the LC group were nausea-free (p<0.001). Regarding photophobia, there were no differences between groups at 60 minutes (p=0.11). The use of RM at 2 hours did not differ among groups (p=0.50). Pain in the site of the injection was reported by more patients of the LC group compared to the dipyrone group (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: LC is significantly superior to dipyrone in treating severe migraine attacks. LC promotes significantly more burning at the site of the injection.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE) são eficazes no tratamento de crises de enxaqueca. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia e a tolerabilidade das apresentações injetáveis do clonixinato de lisina (CL) e da dipirona no tratamento de crises intensas de enxaqueca. MÉTODO: Trinta pacientes (28 mulheres, 2 homens), com idades entre 18 e 48 anos e enxaqueca de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Cefaléias (2004) foram estudados. Os pacientes foram randomizados em 2 grupos ao se apresentarem em uma unidade de emergência, com uma crise intensa de enxaqueca. O desenho do estudo foi monocego. A intensidade da cefaléia, a presença de náusea e fotofobia e os efeitos colaterais foram avaliados e comparados na administração das drogas e após 30, 60 e 90 minutos. Indometacina retal foi disponibilizada como droga de resgate (DR) e seu uso comparado entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes completaram o estudo. Após 30 minutos, 0 por cento do grupo da dipirona e 13 por cento do CL encontravam-se sem cefaléia (p=0,46). Após 60 e 90 minutos, 2 (13 por cento) e 5 (33 por cento) do grupo da dipirona e 11 (73 por cento) e 13 (86,7 por cento) do grupo do CL encontravam-se sem cefaléia (p<0,001). Após 60 minutos, o CL foi mais eficaz que a dipirona em eliminar a náusea (p<0,001), mas não houve diferença quanto à melhora da fotofobia entre os grupos (p=0,11). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos que utilizaram DR (p=0,50). Dor no local da injeção foi apresentada por mais pacientes que usaram CL comparados aos da dipirona (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O CL é significativamente superior a dipirona no tratamento de uma crise intensa de enxaqueca, mas resulta em mais queimação no local da injeção.

Fluorescent serum and urinary advanced glycoxidation end-products in non- diabetic subjects

Introduction: Advanced glycoxidation end-products (AGEs) are involved in age-related conditions and diabetic complications. Diet intake contributes to their circulating concentrations. Aim: To measure serum and urinary AGEs in non-diabetic volunteers and relate their concentration to body composition, blood chemistry and dietary ingesti¢n. Methods: We studied 41 adult men (31 middle-aged adults and 10 elderly). A nutritional assessment including a dietary recall designed for detection of AGE ingesti¢n (specifically carboxymethyl-lysine(CML)), and anthropometric measurements were performed. Also serum lipoproteins, insulin, glucose, leptin and C reactive protein (CRP). AGEs were measured in serum and urine samples using size exclusion chromatography and flow injection assay (FIA); the technical procedures were first employed in 11 heterogeneous diabetics, as positive controls for this methodology. Results: Serum and urinary chromatograms indicated that areas under the curve were not different in younger compared with elderly adults. AGEs did not correlate with dietary intake, body composition, nor metabolic parameters, however they correlated significantly with renal function and CRP concentration. Discussion: In these non-diabetic volunteers, with low CML intake, serum and urinary concentration of AGEs were not related to dietary intake. AGEs were related to renal function and CRP, but not to body composition, lipoproteins, insulin and glucose.

[Clinical comparison of mechanical and chemomechanical methods in removing deep dentinal caries]

The use of Carisolv[TM] decreases unnecessary removal of sound dental tissue and reduces the possibility of pulpal exposure. However, it is expensive and time-consuming and its efficacy has not been clearly " defined. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and efficiency of removing deep caries using conventional mechanical methods alone and in conjunction with Carisolv. This investigation was a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Forty individuals, each with a deep carious tooth [0.5-1 mm from the pulp] without signs and symptoms of necrosis or irreversible pulpitis were selected and randomly divided into two study-groups: A, all caries were mechanically removed using rotary instruments and B, Carisolv was applied on deep carious lesions and the rest of the caries were mechanically eliminated. All cavities were evaluated by a dental probe. After complete caries removal the teeth were filled as usual. The outcome variables were complete caries removal, pulpal exposure and time taken to remove caries. The results were analyzed by X[2] and Mann-Whitney tests. Three pulpal exposures occurred in group A and one in group B without a statistically significant difference. Regarding complete caries removal, the two methods were similar. The mean caries-removal time was 16 +/- 6.8 min in group A and 25.2 +/- 6.3 min in group B [P<0.001]. The amount of Carislov used for each tooth was 0.17 cc. Application of the mechanical and chemomechanical methods simultaneously, is more time-consuming and does not seem to significantly improve the treatment results

Oral lysine clonixinate in the acute treatment of migraine: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Several oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective to treat migraine attacks. Lysine clonixinate (LC) is a NSAID derived from nicotinic acid that has proven to be effective in various pain syndromes such as renal colic and muscular pain. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral LC compared to placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. Sixty four patients with the diagnosis of migraine, according to the IHS criteria, were studied prospectively. Patients received LC or placebo once the headache reached moderate or severe intensity for 6 consecutive attacks. With regard to the moderate attacks, LC was superior than placebo after 1, 2 and 4 hours. The consumption of other rescue medications after 4 hours was significantly higher in the placebo group. With regard to the severe attacks, there was no difference between the active drug group and the placebo group concerning headache intensity and consumption of other rescue medications. We conclude that the NSAID lysine clonixinate is effective in treating moderately severe migraine attacks. It is not superior than placebo in treating severe migraine attacks

Accion del Clonoxinato de lisina sobre la funcion plaquetaria comparacion con otras drogas antiinflamatorias no esteroideas / Effects of lysine clonixinate on platelet function. Comparison with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents

El grupo de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) posee como uno de sus mecanismos de acción la inhibición de la síntesis de prostaglandinas. Este efecto explica muchas de las acciones farmacológicas y de los eventos adversos observados en el uso clínico. La administración de AINEs a pacientes con trastornos de la hemostasia o en estados perioperatorios incrementan el riesgo de hemorragias por inhibición de las funciones plaquetarias. En este trabajo se estudian las modificaciones plaquetarias inducidas por el clonixinato de lisina comparadas con las del diclofenac, ibuprofeno y aspirina, mediante pruebas clásicas (recuento de plaquetas, producción de factor 3 plaquetario, agregación con diversos inductores) y procedimientos más recientes (medición de P-selectina por citometría de flujo). El clonixinato de lisina no produjo modificaciones en el número ni en la función plaquetaria cuando fue administrado a voluntarios sanos en las dosis terapéuticas usuales, cosa que sí ocurrió con las drogas control.

Accion diferecial de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos sobre la ciclooxigenasa y lipooxigenasa de vesicula biliar humana / Differential action of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs on human gallbladder cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase

El clonixinato de lisina (CL) es un antiinflamatorio no esteroide (AINE) con pocos efectos adversos, por lo que se ha postulado que a concentraciones equivalentes a las encontradas en plasma humano después de dosis terapéuticas inhibiría en escaso grado la cicloxigenasa I (COX-I). Se efectuaron 3 experimentos. Experimento 1: se estudió el efecto in vitro de CL en concentraciones de 4 y 6 ug/ml, las que se corresponden con las alcanzadas en plasma con una dosis oral de 125 mg. Los segmentos de vesícula biliar (n = 6) se incubaron con 0.25 uCi de ácido araquidónico 14C y se midió la producción de prostaglandina E 2, prostaglandina F 2a y prostaglandina 6 ceto F 1a. El CL no modificó la producción basal de ninguna de las tres prostaglandinas, pero con 6 ug/ml disminuyó significativamente la producción de ácido 5- hidroxieicosatetraenico (5-HETE). Experimento 2: se administró una infusión continua de CL a 6 pacientes en el pre operatorio inmediato para lograr una concentración en estado estacioanrio entre 4 y 6 ug/ml. Se incubaron segmentos de vesícula biliar de estos 6 pacientes y de 6 pacientes control no tratados con ácido araquidónico 14 C. Se observó que los segmentos de vesícula biliar tratados con CL no mostraron inhibición de la producción de ninguna de las tres PGs, mientras que el 5-HETE liberado al medio fue significativamente menor. Experimento 3: 18 pacientes recibieron bolos EV de: CL 100mg (n1, = 6); CL 200 mg (n2, = 6) o indometacina (INDO) 50 mg (n3 = 6). Con ninguna de las dos dosis de CL se obtuvo inhibición de la síntesis de PGs, por el contrario de INDO inhibió su síntesis. Cuando se valoró la producción de 5-HETE, los dos AINES estudiados de se comportaron en forma distinta. El tratamiento con INDO no modificó el 5-F-HETE producido, mientras que el tratamiento con CL lo inhibió significativamente. En los tres tipos de estudios realizados in vitro e in vivo: infusión continua y bolo IV, el CL no inhibió la síntesis de PGs y disminuyó significativamente el 5-HETE.

Prostaglandinas menstruales y disminorrea su modulacion por antiiflamatorios no esteroideos / Menstrual prostaglandins and dymenorrhea: modulation by non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs

Se estudió con un diseño prospectivo, doble ciego cruzado, la eficacia y tolerancia analgésica y las modificaciones de las prostaglandinas menstruales inducidas por clonixinato de lisina (CL), controlado con ibuprofeno (I) y placebo (P). El tratamiento comprendió 4 ciclos consecutivos: en el primero todas las pacientes se abstuvieron de tomar medicación; en los tres restantes recibieron dosis fijas, doble ciego de 1 comprimido cada 6 horas conteniendo CL 125 mg o 1 400 mg o P en orden al azar, desde 3 días antes del comienzo de la menstruación por un lapso de 8 días. Se efectuaron controles en cada menstruación evaluándose el dolor en escala de 0 a 4, aparición del síntoma premenstrual e intramenstrual, grado de alivio y aparición de efectos adversos. Durante las menstruaciones las pacientes registraron en un diario sus autoevaluaciones de dolor y recolectaron todo el sangrado menstrual durante los 3 primeros días. La intensidad del dolor menstrual no experimentó cambios entre el control de ingreso (3.16) y el del ciclo sin medicación (3.04), pero disminuyó significativamente con P(2.4), CL (1.79) e I (1.54). Los ciclos con medicación activa mostraron intensidades de dolor significativamente menores que con P. Con P 42 por ciento refirieron dolor premenstrual, que se redujo significativamente al 17 por ciento (CL) y a 12,5 por ciento (I). En los ciclos con activo un 21 por ciento estuvieron asintomáticas durante el período premenstrual y menstrual y un 71 por ciento (CL) y 75 por ciento (I) alivio parcial. El diario de la paciente arrojó una reducción significativa con CL e I durante el 1ro. y 2do. día respecto del P, estas diferencias fueron reduciéndose hasta desaparecer al 4to. día. Los niveles de Pgs menstruales variaron paralalelamente con las intensidades de dolor con reducción respecto al basal de 29 por ciento para P (NS); 58 por ciento para CL y 61 por ciento para I, resultados ambos significativos, p<0.01.

Efecto analgésico antiespasmódico y seguridad del clonixinato de lisina y bromuro de L-Butilhioscina en el tratamiento oral de la dismenorrea / Antispasmodic-analgesic effect and safety of Lysene clonixinate and Butylhioscine broide for dysmenorrhea oral treatment

Fue realizado un estudio clínico longitudinal abierto, no comparativo, en 30 mujeres con diagnóstico de dismenorrea primaria o secundaria a dispositivo intrauterino. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del compuesto terapéutico, Clonixinato de lisina y Bromuro de butihioscina 125 y 10 mg respectivamente, en cápsulas, durante un periodo de observación de tres ciclos menstruales. El tiempo de evolución de la dismenorrea primaria fue de 4.46 años; para la secundaria fue de 1.77 años. A la dismenorrea le acompañaron síntomas asociados como: náusea 92 por ciento, vómito 92 por ciento, malestar general 82.1 por ciento, pesantez abdominales 85.7 por ciento y cefalea 46.4 por ciento. Respecto a la intensidad del dolor menstrual, al inicio fue muy severo en el 10.7 por ciento, severo en 42.9 por ciento y moderado 46.4 por ciento. Al final del estudio sólo una paciente de las 28, presentó dolor menstrual de intensidad moderada. Encontramos sólo tres menciones de efectos secundarios de intensidad leve y que no requirieron tratamiento; que correspondieron a dos menciones de gastralgía y una de somnolencia. La conclusión del estudio es que la asociación analgésica espasmolítica del Clonixinato de lisina y Bromuro de butilhioscina en el tratamiento de la dismenorrea primaria o secundaria, reduce y previene el dolor menstrual, así como las manifestaciones asociadas con pocos efectos secundarios. Esta asociación analgésica espasmolítica, es eficaz y segura

The lysine-1 analog of guanylin induces intestinal secretion and natriuresis in the isolated perfused kidney

Guanylin is an endogenous peptide synthesized by several mammalian species that mimics the effects of a thermostable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa: NTFYCCELCCNPACAGCY) in the gut. We have cloned a lysine-1 derivative of rat guanylin (Lys-1-NTCEICAYAACTGC) and tested its effects on ileal tissue membranes in Ussing chambers and in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Rabbit ileal mucosa membranes were mounted into a Ussing chamber and the effects of Lys-1 guanylin (Lys-1 G) and STa enterotoxin peptide on chloride secretion were determined by changes in short-circuit current (Isc). Lys-1 G (10 to 100 nM) showed a dose-dependent effect on chloride secretion with a maximal response estimated to be 52 microA/cm2. Lys-1 G mimics the effect of STa peptide, but the enterotoxin elicited a greater maximal effect of 120 microA/cm2 (p<0.01). Lys-1 G (2.5 microg/ml) promoted an increase in both urine flow (from 0.13 +/- 0.07 to 0.40 +/- 0.01 ml g(-1) min(-1), N = 4; P<0.05) and glomerular filtration rate (from 0.68 +/- 0.02 to 0.85 0.00 ml g(-1) min(-1), N = 4; P<0.01) in the isolated perfused kidney and a reduction of the fractional reabsorption of sodium (from 76.0 +/- 0.03 to 59.5 +/- 0.85 percent, N = 4; P<0.01). These maximal effects were accompanied by intense natriuretic effect observed 30 and 60 min after drug administration. The Lys-1 G analog similar to STa enterotoxin elicited intestinal chloride secretion and a natriuretic effect. These data demonstrate that the cloned peptide analog retains the biological activity of the native hormone and presents activity similar to STa. The properties of Lys-1 G resemble those of a factor formed during perfusion of the hypoxic rabbit kidney and named by us factor natriureticus similis (FNS).

Biocytin as a retrograde tracer in the mammalian visual system

We have successfully used biocytin as a retrograde tracer in the mammalian visual system. Retinal ganglion cells, pyramidal and stellate cortical neurons were labelled. Both pressure injections and gel implants were used successfully for retrograde labelling. Biocytin was detected using avidin conjugates and horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. Retrograde filling with biocytin proved to be more reliable and to allow better morphological resolution than other commonly used neurotracers such as horseradish peroxidase. The fine details of cell morphology observable by this method are comparable in many cases to the results obtained with intracellular tracer injections. The morphological resolution obtained with this method allows the study of brain microcircuits using extracellular deposits of biocytin

Avaliaçäo clínica da atividade terapêutica do acetilsalicilato de lisina por via oral em afeccöes reumáticas / Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic action of lysine acetylsalicylate by oral route in rheumatic diseases

O Autor apresenta os resultados obtidos com a utilizaçäo do acetilsalicilato de lisina no tratamento de manifestaçöes álgicas/inflamatórias aguda, subaguda e crônica da osteoartrose (23 anos), da periartrite de ombro (6 casos) e da espondilite anquilosante (1 caso). O estudo foi do tipo näo-comparativo, durando a observaçäo e tratamento dos pacientes 14 dias. Cada paciente recebia, por via oral, em forma de pó dissolvido em água, duas vezes ao dia, 1,8g de acetilsalicilato de lisina (que corresponde a 1,0g de ácido acetilsalicílico). Em casos agudos, nos primeiros cinco dias, a dose utilizada foi de três vezes por dia. Do ponto de vista da atividade terapéutica, a resposta foi excelente em oito casos e boa forma em 10 casos, regular em oito casos e nula em quatro casos. Quanto à tolerância, surgiram efeitos colaterais em 10 casos (33,3%), em geral suaves e transitórios, sendo que, em dois casos, foi necessário interromper o tratamento em um paciente por efeitos gastrintestinais e, em outro, por intolerância gustativa e náuseas. Esses resultados demomnstraram que o acetilslicilato de lisin é dotado de açäo analgésica e antiinflamatória em patologias reumáticas, sendo bem tolerado em relaçäo aos medicamentos deste grupo farmacológico

Acetilsalicilato de lisina 1g por via oral nas síndromes reumáticas agudas / Lysine-acetylsalicylate 1g by oral route in acute rheumatic syndromes

Em 30 pacientes de ambulatório, com afecçäo reumática aguda - lombalgia aguda, artrose de joelho e periartrite escápuloumeral -, 18 do sexo feminino e 12 masculino, com idades de 30 a 60 anos, avaliou-se a açäo analgésica e antiinflamatória do acetilsalicilato de lisina bem como sua tolerabilidade. Usou-se o acetilsalicilato de lisina 1g por via oral na dose de 4 g ao dia por 10 dias. Os pacientes foram avaliados aos cinco e 10 dias, e os parâmetros utilizados verificaram a intensidade, duraçäo da dor, limitaçäo de movimentos, movimentaçäo ativa e passiva e intensidade dos sinais inflamatórios. Conclui-se que o acetilsalicilato de lisina evidenciou, de modo claro, seu efeito analgésico e antiinflamatório na maioria dos pacientes, com boa tolerabilidade gástrica e geral